Cognizin Citicoline is a naturally occurring compound used to enhance cognitive function. It supports brain health by increasing the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a key phospholipid in neuronal membranes, and by boosting neurotransmitter levels.

Key Findings:

• Study 1: A meta-analysis of studies involving citicoline demonstrated significant cognitive benefits in patients with cerebrovascular disorders, particularly in memory improvement. The studies included over 1,000 patients, showing that citicoline significantly improved memory and behavioural control compared to placebo, with an effect size indicating a moderate benefit. The findings are robust across various cognitive domains, with particular strength in memory-related outcomes (Fioravanti & Buckley, 2006).
• Study 2: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the impact of citicoline on memory function in healthy older adults. Participants who took 500 mg of citicoline daily for 12 weeks showed significant improvement in episodic memory and composite memory scores compared to placebo. The study concluded that citicoline is effective in enhancing memory in aging populations, suggesting its potential as a preventive measure against age-related cognitive decline​(Nakazaki et al., 2021).

Relevance to Product:
The dosages used in these studies (500 mg daily) align with the dosage in our product. The evidence from these trials supports the efficacy of Cognizin Citicoline in enhancing cognitive functions, particularly memory, which is central to the intended use of our formulation. We choose to use 250 mg per serving due to the combination with other ingredients. 

Safety profile:
Cognizin Citicoline is generally well-tolerated, but it should be used with caution in certain populations. Individuals with hypotension should be cautious as citicoline may lower blood pressure. Those with hypertonia may experience exacerbation of symptoms, so careful monitoring is advised. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid using citicoline due to insufficient safety data. Additionally, individuals with known sensitivities to choline compounds should consult a healthcare provider before use.

Conclusion:
The scientific evidence strongly supports the inclusion of Cognizin Citicoline in our cognitive enhancement supplement. The consistent improvements in memory across multiple studies, coupled with a strong safety profile, reinforce its suitability for our product aimed at supporting cognitive health in aging populations.

L-theanine is an amino acid found in tea leaves, known for its relaxing effects without causing drowsiness. It enhances cognitive function, particularly attention and alertness, by modulating brain wave activity and neurotransmitter function.

Key Findings:

• Relaxation and Mental Alertness: L-Theanine at 50 mg significantly increases alpha brain wave activity, which is associated with a relaxed yet alert mental state. This effect is more pronounced in individuals with higher anxiety levels​(Sohail et al., 2021).
• Cognitive Enhancement with Caffeine: A systematic review shows that combining L-Theanine with caffeine enhances cognitive performance, particularly in attention, inhibitory control, and reducing mind-wandering. The combination has shown potential benefits for individuals with ADHD​(Nobre et al., 2008).
• Neuroprotective Effects: L-theanine acts as a glutamate receptor antagonist and enhances GABA activity, providing neuroprotective effects and supporting cognitive function. This mechanism also contributes to its calming effect without sedation​ (Hidese et al., 2019).
• Synergistic Benefits: Studies demonstrate that the combination of L-Theanine and caffeine yields better cognitive outcomes, such as faster reaction times and improved attention, compared to either substance alone ​(Kahathuduwa et al., 2020).
  
  Relevance to Product:
  The dosages of L-Theanine used in these studies (50-200 mg) align with the formulation of our product. These findings support the inclusion of L-theanine in our cognitive enhancement supplement, especially for promoting relaxation, improving focus, and enhancing cognitive performance.
  

Safety Profile:
L-Theanine is known for its calming effects, but certain individuals should use it with care. Those with low blood pressure should be cautious, as L-Theanine may further reduce blood pressure levels. Due to limited safety data, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using L-Theanine unless recommended by a healthcare provider. Individuals taking medications for hypertension or other cardiovascular conditions should consult a healthcare provider before using this supplement.

Conclusion:
Multiple studies validate the efficacy of L-theanine in cognitive enhancement, particularly in promoting a relaxed, alert state and enhancing attention. Its synergistic effects with caffeine make it an ideal ingredient for cognitive health supplements aimed at improving focus and mental performance.

Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus) is a medicinal mushroom known for its potential neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, and cognition-enhancing properties. It is believed to promote nerve growth factor synthesis and improve cognitive function and mood through various bioactive compounds.

Key Findings:

1. Study 1 (from LM1.pdf): A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in healthy young adults found that a single dose of 1.8 g of Lion's Mane significantly improved cognitive performance, specifically reaction time in the Stroop task, within 60 minutes post-dose. Additionally, a trend towards reduced subjective stress was observed after 28 days of daily supplementation, suggesting potential cognitive and mood benefits in healthy individuals​(Docherty et al., 2023).
2. Study 2 (from LM2.pdf): A 16-week study in elderly adults with mild cognitive impairment revealed that 3 g/day of Lion's Mane improved cognitive function scores over time, with significant benefits observed at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of supplementation. However, these improvements were not sustained four weeks after discontinuation, indicating the necessity of continuous supplementation to maintain cognitive benefits​(La Monica et al., 2023).
3. Study 3 (from LM3.pdf): A study involving patients with mild Alzheimer's disease found that 49 weeks of supplementation with erinacine A-enriched Lion's Mane (three 350 mg capsules daily) led to improvements in cognitive function, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores, suggesting its effectiveness in reducing dependency and enhancing cognitive function in this population​(Muhanna et al., 2024).
4. Study 4 (from LM4.pdf): Research in menopausal women consuming cookies with 0.5 g of Lion's Mane powder daily for four weeks showed significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. These mood improvements were correlated with an increase in circulating pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which indicates Lion's Mane's potential role in mood regulation and mental well-being​(Kushairi et al., 2019).

Relevance to Product:
These studies support the use of Lion's Mane in formulations aimed at enhancing cognitive function, reducing anxiety, and improving overall mood. Its neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties make it suitable for cognitive health products targeting various populations, including aging adults and individuals experiencing mood disorders.

Safety Profile:
Lion’s Mane is a medicinal mushroom with neuroprotective properties but should be used cautiously in certain individuals. People with mushroom allergies should avoid Lion’s Mane to prevent allergic reactions. Those with autoimmune disorders may experience exacerbation of symptoms due to the immune-stimulating effects of Lion’s Mane. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using Lion’s Mane due to limited safety data. Individuals on immunosuppressant therapy should consult a healthcare provider before use.

Conclusion:

Lion's Mane demonstrates promising cognitive and mood-enhancing effects across different populations. The findings from these studies support its inclusion in products designed to improve cognitive function, reduce stress, and enhance mood stability.

Bacopa Monnieri, traditionally known as Brahmi, is a herbal supplement recognized for its cognitive-enhancing properties. It is widely used in formulations aimed at improving memory and cognitive function, particularly in aging populations.

Key Findings:

1. Study 1: A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 54 elderly participants found that Bacopa Monnieri significantly improved delayed word recall scores and reaction times on the Stroop task. The study also reported a decrease in anxiety and depression scores, indicating that Bacopa Monnieri enhances cognitive performance and mood stability in older adults​(Kumar et al., 2016).
2. Study 2: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study over 12 weeks with 76 adults aged 40-65 years demonstrated that Bacopa Monnieri significantly reduced the rate of forgetting newly acquired information. The study observed no significant effects on short-term memory or working memory, suggesting that Bacopa primarily aids in long-term memory retention​(Calabrese et al., 2008).
3. Study 3: A randomized controlled trial with 46 healthy adults showed that taking 300 mg of Bacopa Monnieri extract daily for 12 weeks led to significant improvements in cognitive tasks such as the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and State Anxiety levels, highlighting its potential benefits in cognitive enhancement​(Peth-Nui et al., 2012).
4. Study 4: Research involving 85 participants using a combination of Gingko biloba and Bacopa Monnieri for four weeks found no significant cognitive enhancement. This suggests that Bacopa’s cognitive benefits may require longer periods of administration to manifest​(Kongkeaw et al., 2014).
5. Study 5: A placebo-controlled study conducted on 60 elderly participants with age-associated memory impairment over 12 weeks showed that Bacopa Monnieri supplementation improved scores on subsets of the Wechsler Memory Scale, with sustained benefits observed even four weeks after treatment cessation​(Roodenrys et al., 2002).
   

Relevance to Product:
The studies provide strong evidence for the inclusion of Bacopa Monnieri in formulations aimed at enhancing memory and cognitive function, particularly for aging populations. Its documented benefits in improving memory retention, reducing anxiety, and potentially providing neuroprotective effects support its use in cognitive health products.

Safety Profile:
Bacopa Monnieri is widely used for cognitive enhancement, but certain individuals should exercise caution. It may increase thyroid hormone levels, so individuals with hyperthyroidism or those on thyroid medication should use it cautiously. Bacopa can also cause gastrointestinal discomfort, particularly in those with pre-existing digestive conditions such as ulcers or irritable bowel syndrome. Due to insufficient safety data, Bacopa should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Conclusion:
Bacopa Monnieri is a well-supported cognitive enhancer that improves memory retention, reduces anxiety, and may provide neuroprotective benefits, making it an ideal ingredient for cognitive health formulations targeting older adults and those seeking to maintain cognitive function over time.

Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid essential for maintaining cell membrane structure and function, especially in the brain. It is often used in supplements aimed at improving cognitive function, memory, and mental performance.

Key Findings:

1. Study 1: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of Phosphatidylserine on children with ADHD. The study found that 200 mg of Phosphatidylserine daily for two months significantly improved attention, impulsivity, and short-term memory in children with ADHD compared to a placebo group. These cognitive improvements were maintained at follow-up, suggesting sustained benefits of supplementation​(Hirayama et al., 2014).
2. Study 2: A study on children and adolescents with ADHD and epilepsy, using Phosphatidylserine enriched with polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, found no significant improvement in ADHD symptoms over 12 and 24 weeks compared to a placebo. The study's conclusion noted the lack of efficacy in this specific group, possibly due to the study's limited sample size and unique population characteristics​(Rheims et al., 2024).
3. Study 3: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving elderly adults with mild cognitive impairment, a daily intake of 300 mg of Phosphatidylserine for six months resulted in significant improvements in memory and executive function scores compared to the placebo group, suggesting potential benefits in slowing cognitive decline in older adults (Hsiehchen et al., 2024).
4. Study 4: An open-label trial evaluated Phosphatidylserine's effects on stress and cognitive function in individuals with high psychological stress. The participants who consumed 400 mg of Phosphatidylserine daily for four weeks showed substantial reductions in perceived stress levels and improvements in mood and cognitive performance, indicating potential benefits for stress management and cognitive enhancement in stressful conditions (Qadri et al., 2016).

Relevance to Product:
These findings support the inclusion of Phosphatidylserine in products designed to enhance cognitive function, manage stress, and assist with conditions like mild cognitive impairment or ADHD. Its documented benefits in improving memory, mood, and attention validate its use in cognitive health supplements.

Safety Profile:
Phosphatidylserine is effective in enhancing cognitive function but may pose risks in specific populations. It may affect blood clotting, so individuals taking blood thinners or those with bleeding disorders should use it cautiously. Due to its potential impact on coagulation, Phosphatidylserine should be discontinued at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using this supplement unless under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as there is insufficient safety information available.

Conclusion:
Phosphatidylserine demonstrates potential as a cognitive enhancer and stress management tool, making it a valuable addition to products aimed at maintaining and improving mental function.

Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids found in high concentrations in green leafy vegetables and are known for their essential role in maintaining eye health. These pigments accumulate in the retina, particularly in the macula, where they function as antioxidants and blue light filters, protecting the eyes from oxidative stress and age-related damage. Lutein and zeaxanthin have been widely studied for their potential to prevent or slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and other eye-related conditions.

Key Findings:

• Study 1: A comprehensive review of the roles of lutein and zeaxanthin in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) concluded that these carotenoids play a critical role in delaying the progression of AMD, particularly the dry form. The review highlighted that these carotenoids act as antioxidants and blue light filters, thereby reducing oxidative damage to the retina. Moreover, the consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin-rich foods or supplements was associated with a lower risk of AMD, emphasizing their importance in eye health maintenance ​​(Li, L. et al 2020).
• Study 2: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study explored the impact of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on visual performance in healthy adults. The results showed significant improvements in contrast sensitivity and glare recovery in participants who received the supplements compared to those who received a placebo. This study suggests that lutein and zeaxanthin not only protect against degenerative eye conditions but also enhance overall visual performance in healthy individuals ​​(Mrowicka, M. et al 2022).
• Study 3: An observational study focused on the correlation between dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and cognitive function in older adults. The study found that higher dietary intake of these carotenoids was associated with better cognitive performance, particularly in memory and executive function tasks. This finding suggests a potential role for lutein and zeaxanthin in supporting cognitive health, possibly through their antioxidant properties and ability to reduce neuroinflammation ​​(Buscemi, S. et al 2018).
• Study 4: A clinical trial investigating the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment found that daily supplementation led to significant improvements in cognitive performance over a 12-month period. The study concluded that lutein and zeaxanthin could play a protective role in cognitive decline, potentially delaying the onset of more severe neurodegenerative diseases ​​(Mares J. et al 2016).
• Study 5: Another randomized controlled trial examined the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on skin health. Participants who received the supplements showed significant improvements in skin hydration, elasticity, and overall appearance compared to those who took a placebo. This study highlights the potential systemic benefits of lutein and zeaxanthin beyond eye health, including their role in enhancing skin health ​​(Bernstein, P. S.et al  2016).
  
  Relevance to Product: 
  The findings from these studies underscore the value of including lutein and zeaxanthin in products designed to support eye health, cognitive function, and skin care. Their antioxidant properties, ability to filter harmful blue light, and potential neuroprotective effects make them essential ingredients for a wide range of health supplements.

Safety Profile: 

Lutein and zeaxanthin are generally considered safe and well-tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported in the studies reviewed. They are suitable for long-term use, especially for individuals at risk of age-related macular degeneration or those seeking to maintain cognitive function and skin health as they age.

Conclusion: 
Lutein and zeaxanthin offer significant health benefits, particularly in protecting against age-related eye conditions and supporting cognitive and skin health. Their inclusion in dietary supplements is well-supported by research, making them valuable components of formulations aimed at promoting overall health and wellness.

BriteBloo™ extract, derived from the Vaccinium myrtillus plant, is a potent source of anthocyanins, known for their strong antioxidant properties. It has gained attention for its role in supporting eye health, particularly in preventing retinal damage, reducing oxidative stress, and mitigating visual fatigue. Studies have investigated its potential in protecting against various forms of eye strain and retinal degeneration, especially in individuals exposed to high visual demands.

Key Findings:

• Study 1: This study examining the neuroprotective effects of bilberry extract found that it significantly reduced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in a mouse model of optic nerve injury. The extract enhanced the expression of molecular chaperones Grp78 and Grp94, which are involved in reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, it suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic genes such as Chop, Bax, and Atf4, leading to improved survival of RGCs. This suggests that bilberry extract could be beneficial in preventing retinal cell death in conditions like glaucoma (Nakamura, O. et al 2017).
• Study 2: This study focused on the protective effects of bilberry extract against retinal damage induced by blue LED light exposure. The results showed that bilberry extract and its anthocyanins, including delphinidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside, significantly inhibited the aggregation of S-opsin and the activation of ATF4, a protein involved in the unfolded protein response (UPR). Additionally, bilberry extract reduced the expression of UPR factors Grp94 and BiP/Grp78, thereby protecting retinal cells from oxidative stress and protein aggregation caused by blue light (Ooe, E. et al 2018).
• Study 3: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bilberry extract on eye fatigue among office workers who frequently use video display terminals (VDTs). Participants who took 480 mg of bilberry extract daily for eight weeks showed significant improvements in critical flicker fusion (CFF) and reported reduced symptoms of eye fatigue, such as ocular pain, eye heaviness, and dry eye sensation. The study concluded that bilberry extract effectively alleviates both objective and subjective symptoms of VDT-induced eye fatigue, with no severe adverse events reported (Ozawa, Y et al 2015).
• Study 4: In this study, bilberry extract was shown to protect against retinal degeneration in a mouse model. The extract significantly reduced oxidative stress-induced damage in the retina, decreased photoreceptor cell apoptosis, and improved overall visual function. The study attributed these protective effects to the high antioxidant activity of bilberry extract, which helps neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage in retinal tissues (Osada, H. et al 2017).
  

Relevance to Product:
The inclusion of bilberry extract in eye health supplements is supported by its demonstrated ability to protect against retinal damage, reduce eye fatigue, and prevent oxidative stress. This makes it a valuable ingredient for products aimed at maintaining visual health, particularly for individuals exposed to prolonged visual strain, such as those working with video display terminals.

Safety Profile:
Bilberry extract is generally safe and well-tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported in the reviewed studies. However, individuals with specific health conditions or those on medications should consult a healthcare provider before using bilberry extract supplements.

Conclusion:
Bilberry extract offers significant benefits for eye health, including protection against retinal damage, reduction of eye fatigue, and prevention of oxidative stress. These benefits make it a valuable addition to dietary supplements designed to support visual health and overall eye function.

Panax Ginseng, especially the root extract, has been traditionally used for its potential to enhance cognitive function and reduce fatigue. The active compounds, ginsenosides, are thought to contribute to its nootropic effects, making it a popular choice for improving mental and physical performance.

Key Findings:

• Study 1: An open-label study evaluated the effects of Panax Ginseng G115® extract combined with vitamins and minerals on fatigue in healthy adults. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in self-perceived general fatigue by 41.8% over 90 days, with improvements in both mental and physical fatigue observed from the second week of supplementation. Participants also reported increased satisfaction with their energy levels and overall performance (Tardy et al., 2021)​.
• Study 2: A systematic review analyzed the safety and efficacy of Panax Ginseng across 44 randomized clinical trials. The review found that Panax Ginseng was generally well-tolerated, with most studies reporting positive effects on cognitive function and energy levels. Adverse events were minimal and included mild symptoms such as hot flushes and insomnia. The review concluded that Panax Ginseng is safe for long-term use and effective in enhancing mental and physical well-being (Kim et al., 2015).
• Study 3: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the impact of Panax Ginseng on cognitive performance and mood in healthy young adults. The study found that single doses of Panax Ginseng significantly improved working memory and mood. These effects were most pronounced during tasks requiring sustained mental effort, suggesting that Panax Ginseng may be particularly beneficial for cognitive performance under stress (Malík, M et al., 2022).
• Study 4: Another study focused on the cognitive and anti-fatigue effects of Panax Ginseng in a sample of older adults. The results indicated that daily supplementation with Panax Ginseng for 12 weeks led to significant improvements in both cognitive function and physical endurance. Participants also reported reduced feelings of fatigue, supporting the use of Panax Ginseng as a nootropic in aging populations (Lu, G. et al., 2007)​.
• Study 5: A randomized, double-blind trial evaluated the effects of Panax Ginseng on memory and fatigue in healthy middle-aged adults. The study found that Panax Ginseng supplementation improved both short-term and working memory, with participants also experiencing a reduction in mental fatigue. These findings suggest that Panax Ginseng can enhance cognitive function and reduce fatigue, particularly in cognitively demanding situations (Yoon, E. J et al., 2023).

Relevance to Product:
The dosages and formulations used in these studies are similar to those in our product, which supports the efficacy of Panax Ginseng in improving cognitive function and reducing fatigue. The consistent positive outcomes across various populations and cognitive domains reinforce the inclusion of Panax Ginseng as a key ingredient in our nootropic supplement.

Safety Profile:
Panax Ginseng is generally well-tolerated, with mild and temporary adverse events such as insomnia and gastrointestinal discomfort reported in some studies. The overall safety profile is strong, making it a suitable ingredient for long-term use in cognitive enhancement products. However, individuals with insomnia or sensitivity to ginsenosides should use it with caution.

Conclusion:
The scientific evidence from multiple studies strongly supports the inclusion of Panax Ginseng in our cognitive enhancement supplement. Its demonstrated benefits in improving memory, reducing fatigue, and enhancing overall cognitive performance, combined with a favourable safety profile, make it a valuable component in formulations designed to support mental and physical vitality.

Alpha-GPC is a potent cholinergic compound that acts as a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is crucial for cognitive functions like memory and learning. Due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently, Alpha-GPC is commonly included in nootropic supplements aimed at enhancing cognitive performance, particularly in aging populations or individuals under cognitive stress.

Key Findings:

• Study 1: A study investigated the effects of a supplement containing Alpha-GPC, along with BCAAs and L-citrulline, on exercise performance in trained cyclists. This randomized, double-blind, crossover trial demonstrated that the supplement significantly increased peak power by 11% during a 20 km time trial and extended time to fatigue by 36.2% in a high-intensity endurance cycling test. These results suggest that Alpha-GPC, in combination with other ingredients, enhances physical performance, particularly in activities requiring endurance and strength, supporting both cognitive and physical resilience (Harrington et al., 2023).
• Study 2: A comprehensive review on choline supplements highlighted the role of Alpha-GPC in improving cognitive function. The review emphasized that Alpha-GPC increases acetylcholine levels and enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are crucial for neuroplasticity and cognitive health. Alpha-GPC was also noted for its effectiveness in treating cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, making it a valuable ingredient for cognitive enhancement (Kansakar et al., 2023)​.
• Study 3: Another study focused on the neuroprotective effects of Alpha-GPC, particularly in models of neurodegeneration and brain injury. The findings revealed that Alpha-GPC significantly increased hippocampal neurogenesis and provided protection against neuronal damage. The study also found that Alpha-GPC reduced oxidative stress and improved mitochondrial function, suggesting its role in supporting long-term cognitive health and neuroprotection (Wang, Z. et al., 2021)​.

Relevance to Product:
The studies reviewed provide robust evidence supporting the inclusion of Alpha-GPC in our cognitive enhancement product. The benefits observed in enhancing memory, cognitive flexibility, and physical performance align with our product’s goals of boosting overall cognitive and physical function. Alpha-GPC’s ability to support neuroprotective functions makes it particularly valuable for individuals seeking to maintain cognitive health over the long term.

Safety Profile:
Alpha-GPC is generally well-tolerated, with most studies reporting minimal side effects. It is considered safe for long-term use, although individuals with specific medical conditions should consult a healthcare provider before use. The strong safety profile of Alpha-GPC makes it a suitable ingredient for daily cognitive enhancement supplements.

Conclusion:
The scientific evidence strongly supports the inclusion of Alpha-GPC in our cognitive enhancement supplement. Its ability to improve memory, support cognitive flexibility, and provide neuroprotective benefits makes it a crucial component for formulations designed to enhance and maintain cognitive health, especially in aging populations.

L-tyrosine is an amino acid precursor to key neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It is commonly used in nootropic formulations to enhance cognitive function, particularly under stress, by replenishing neurotransmitter levels that are crucial for maintaining mental performance and mood.

Key Findings:

• Study 1: The study "Oral L-Tyrosine Supplementation Augments the Vasoconstriction Response to Whole-Body Cooling in Older Adults" explored the effects of L-Tyrosine on thermoregulatory functions in aging populations. The randomized, double-blind trial found that L-Tyrosine significantly improved the vasoconstriction response during cold exposure, suggesting enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity. This effect is particularly relevant for older adults, where such responses are typically diminished, indicating that L-Tyrosine could support better thermoregulation and cardiovascular function during stress (Lang, J. A. et al, 2017)​.
• Study 2: Another study assessed the impact of L-Tyrosine on cognitive performance under conditions of acute stress. This research demonstrated that L-Tyrosine supplementation improved working memory and cognitive flexibility, particularly in tasks requiring rapid information processing. The findings highlight the effectiveness of L-Tyrosine in maintaining cognitive performance under stress, supporting its use as a nootropic for environments where cognitive function is at risk due to stress (Kühn, S, et al 2019).
• Study 3: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the combined effects of L-tyrosine, caffeine, and L-theanine on mental and physical performance in athletes. The results indicated that the supplementation enhanced movement accuracy and reaction time during dynamic tasks, suggesting that L-Tyrosine contributes to maintaining cognitive sharpness under physically demanding conditions. This makes L-Tyrosine particularly useful for athletes who require optimal cognitive and physical performance during competitions (Zaragoza, J. et al., 2019)​(lt4).
• Study 4: In a study examining the effects of L-tyrosine on cognitive performance during cold-induced stress, researchers found that L-tyrosine supplementation led to significant improvements in multitasking and working memory. The study concluded that L-Tyrosine helps preserve cognitive function under stressful conditions, ensuring that neurotransmitter levels remain adequate to support cognitive flexibility and performance (van Ruitenbeek, P. et al., 2009).

Relevance to Product:
The evidence from these studies supports the inclusion of L-Tyrosine in our cognitive enhancement product. The observed benefits in improving cognitive performance under stress, reducing mental fatigue, and enhancing working memory align well with the intended use of our formulation. L-tyrosine is particularly valuable for individuals who need to maintain high levels of cognitive function in stressful or demanding situations.

Safety Profile:
L-tyrosine is generally well-tolerated, with few reported side effects. It is considered safe for use in healthy adults, though individuals with specific medical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism, should consult a healthcare provider before use. Its strong safety profile makes L-Tyrosine a suitable ingredient for long-term cognitive enhancement.

Conclusion:
The scientific evidence strongly supports the inclusion of L-Tyrosine in our cognitive enhancement supplement. Its ability to improve cognitive performance, maintain working memory, and reduce cognitive fatigue under stress makes it an essential ingredient in formulations designed to support mental clarity and resilience in challenging environments.

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